东西汇通:东方智慧,西方战略及其超越
文辉昌
韩国首尔国立大学国际大学院
摘要
当下的中美和日韩贸易战表明,经济问题往往与政治以及更根本的文化问题相互交织,继而造成了时局的恶化和不测。“美国优先”、“中国 2025 年”等口号和国家政策聚焦的是国家的利益和认同,而非双赢战略下的共同利益。这种做法导致了对垒双方以及其他国家的巨大经济损失。人类未来的可持续性应当建基于文明对话和相互学习。为此,本文将介绍一种互利互惠的东西融合道路。由保罗·克鲁格曼、迈克尔·波特等经济学家提供的西方道路,强调的是竞争对手无法复制的独特性,和竞争性的关系。而东方道路则是孔子、孙子等先贤的传统智慧,他们推崇学习的益处和共同的发展。尽管东西方的角度不同,二者仍然有着共同的基础。本文讨论了如何看待二者的区别,如何通过相互借鉴来高效整合与可持续发展。具体来讲,本文批判性地讨论了来自西方的波特的商业战略,和来自东方的孙子的兵法,二者都关乎商业或国家的可持续发展。通过会通二者,能够融合两种道路的思想力量,提供普遍的洞见。在此基础上,本文回到中美贸易战的议题上,从双赢的角度为两国提供了战略方向。
Integrating Eastern and Western Perspectives: Eastern Wisdom, Western Strategy and beyond
Hwy-Chang MOON
Graduate School of International Studies at Seoul National University
Abstract
The current US-China and Korea-Japan trade wars show that economic issues are often intertwined with political and more fundamentally cultural issues, thereby exacerbating situations and increasing uncertainty. Slogans and national policies such as “America first” and “China 2025” focus on the interests and national identities of one’s own country instead of pursuing the common good for all through a win-win strategy. These practices have caused significant economic loss to not only the parties involved but also to other related countries. The sustainability for a common human future should be built on inter-civilizational dialogue and mutual learning. To this end, this paper introduces an approach of integrating Western and Eastern perspectives for mutual benefits. The Western approach, demonstrated by economic and business scholars such as Paul Krugman and Michael Porter, emphasizes the importance of uniqueness that is difficult for rivals to imitate and competitive relationship against rivals. In contrast, the Eastern approach, the Chinese traditional wisdom in particular (e.g. Confucius, Sun Tzu), appreciates the benefits of learning and coevolution for sustainable development. Despite the differences between the Western and Eastern perspectives, there is also common ground between them. This paper suggests how to view their differences and effectively integrate them for sustainable development by borrowing the strengths from each approach. Specifically, this paper critically reviews Porter’s business strategy from the West and Sun Tzu’s military strategy from the East regarding their thoughts on sustainable development of business and nations, and integrates them to enhance the analytical power of both approaches and to provide universal insights. Based on the improved, integrated approach, this paper comes back to the issue of the US-China trade war and provides strategicdirections for the two countries from the win-win perspective.